Assessment procedure:Observational Technique, peer Appraisal, and self-reports

In this topic, we have learn the outcome and procedure or methods for the observational technique.

There are 8 outcomes that can be learn from this topic

•  Skills- The children writing, speaking, reading, playing the instrument and works skills. There are many skill that can be observe other than the listed skills.
• Work habit- Effectiveness in planning, creativity, how they use the time given and use of the resources.
• Social attitude- Well communicate with the others. Concern about other welfare or respects the law.
• Scientific attitude- Open mindedness, can accept other opinion and willingness to suspend judgement.
• Academic self- concept- Expressed as self-perceptions as a learner and willingness to attempt new problems.
• Interest- Express feeling towards  various educational, mechanical, scientific and social.
• Appreciations- Feeling of satisfaction and enjoyment Expressed towards nature, music or arts.
• Adjustment- Relationship to peers, reaction to praise and criticism

Methods( procedure)

1.  Anecdotal records

•  Determine
• Analyze
• Observe
• Make a record
• Limit anecdotal
• Record positive
• Collect
• Practice writing

1. Self-report Technique Interview

•  Time consuming to interview the student
•  Assumes the participants are honest and willing
• Result gained- useful for individual students, cannot usually generalized to groups of student.

2. Interest Inventories

•  Can be simple as "like or dislike" or can be ranking
• The problem for this methods is the interest alone cannot be dictate academic preparation or skill to succeed in that interest.

3. Personality Measures

•  Ask the question such as "Do you daydream often?, " Are you frequently depressed?
• The test are usually used as part of a complete clinical study.

Measuring Complex Achievement: The Interpretive Exercise

Example of typical learning outcomes ability to:

• Apply a principle- the study based on  the research that have be done  a years ago
• Internet relationship- the relationship each of the resource with the affect 

e.g. Watching the storytelling help the children literacy development

• Recognize- State the inference and was proofing by the assessment
• Recognize the relevance of information- choose only the relevance point that engaged with the data.
• Develop and recognize tenable hypothesis

a) Null hypothesis
b) Alternative hypothesis

• Recognize limitation of data- instrument to get the data- Questionnaire or observation
• Recognize and state significance problem
• Design experimental procedure
• Interpret charts, tables and data
• Evaluate arguments

Complex achievement refers to:

• Based on the higher mental processes
• Understanding
• Require reasoning 
• Thinking
• Problem solving- that can be measured subjectively

Advantages

• Recognize about the understanding, thinking ability and problem solving
• To measure the interpretive ability by the materials
• Measure more complex learning outcomes- single objective question
• Measure depth and breadth of intellectual skills

Limitation

• More structured
• Not free to redefine the problem
• Not be used to measure assumptions
• Difficult to construct to get desired passages
• Heavy demands on reading skill
• It is necessary to use essay questions

Suggestion

• Relevant to the objective
• Appropriate to the student
• New to students
• Brief but meaningful- Children can use in their life
• Can be revised for clarify

          

Assessment procedure: Observational technique, peer appraisal, and self-report

Methods:
1. Anecdotal Records

• Record student behavior
• Determine in advance what to observe but look for a typical and unusual behavior
• Analyze observational records for bias
• Observe and record enough times to make  behavior meaningful
• Make a record of incident
• Record positive and negative behavior

2. Self-report

A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without researcher interference. A self-report is any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews; self-reports are often used as a way of gaining participants' responses in observational studies and experiments

3. Interest Inventories

• Interest inventories can be as simple as "like or dislike" or can be ranking
• Problems with these inventories is that interest alone cannot dictate academic preparation or skill to succeed in that interest
• An interest in science may not be supported by mathematics or analytic skill necessary to enter the field

4. Personality Measures

•  Personality inventories- ask question such as "Do you daydream often?", are you frequently depressed?" and other things to get personality profile
• Projective techniques- These test are usually used as parts of a complete clinical study

Measuring Complex Achievement: Performance based assessment

In this topic, we have learn what is performance based assessment, the types, advantages and disadvantages and also the suggestion to achieve a good performance.

Performance bases assessment also can be referred as "authentic assessment" or "alternative assessment. Alternative assessment are not the paper and pencil tests meanwhile the authentic assessment emphasize the use of tasks similar to those found in real world setting.

In education, alternative assessment or portfolio assessment is in direct contrast to what is known as performance evaluation, traditional assessment, standardized assessment or assumptive assessment.Alternative assessment is also known under various other terms, including: authentic assessment.

Authentic assessment is the measurement of "intellectual accomplishment that are worthwhile, significant and meaningful as it is contrasted to the multiple choice standardized tests. Authentic assessment can be devised by the teacher or in collaboration with student by engaging student voice.

 

Advantages

• Clearly communicate instructional goals that involve complex experiments in natural setting
• Measure complex learning outcomes that cannot be measured by other means
• Measure process and procedure as well as results of a task
• Implement approaches suggested by current learning theory-meaning student are active participants in constructing knowledge

Disadvantages

•  Reliability of scores is always a question so careful attention to outcomes is a priority when designing assessment and measurements
• Complex assessment are time consuming so accurate assessment of student ability may require numerous measurement over time

Suggestion

•  Focus on learning outcomes that require complex cognitive skills and student performance
• select or develop tasks that represent both the content and the skills that are central to important learning outcomes
• Minimize the dependence of tasks performance on skill that are irrelevant to the intended purpose of the assessment tasks
• Provide the necessary scaffolding for student to be able to understand the task and what is expected

Test Construction

• Construction of test items should begin as you prepare to teach the material.
• What do you plan for the student to learn.
• How will student be able to demonstrate that they have learned.
• Class time should be used to stress the material that you want student to master

Types of Test items

• True-False
• Short answer
• Fill in the blanks
• Multiple choice
• Matching
• Essay

  

• Remember what you stress in class
• If possible, make out possible test item as you teach the materials
• When reusing old test items, remember such things as a change in textbook, updating of notes or changes in your presentation
• Teach what you want students to learn and then test what you taught
• A test items has served its purpose if those who have mastered the materials answer correctly and all others no matter how test wise.

Reliability and Validity

• Reliabilty can be defined as concerned with answering the question " How much of an individual test performance is due to measurement error, or to factor other than the language ability we want to measure?" and with minimizing the effects of these factors on test scores.
• Meanwhile validity define as a concerned with the question "How much of an individual's test performance is due to the language abilities we want to measure? And with maximizing the effects of these abilities on test score. ( Bachman, 1990: 160-161)

Validation theory

• Validation is a process of establishing the validity of a test, which is one of the basic concern of language testing. It involves gathering and evaluating the evidence for the reliability and validity of a test when used for a given purpose ( Davies et al, 1999)
• When validity standard were first codified, five types of validity were identified:

1. Face validity

2. Content validity

3. Predictive validity

4. Concurrent validity

5. Construct validity

Assessment

The first topic from this subject is we talking about the meaning of the assessment. Firstly, the lecturer was teach us about the function of assessment which is it is to evaluate the student performance like to test the student ability. Other than that, we also learn about the purpose about the assessment where to :
1. Provide direction for instruction
2. Convey instructional intent to other
3. Provide basis for student assessment

From this topic also, we also have known the types of validity in assessment which is there are five types and it was face validity, content validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity and construct validity. We also have learn how to write the objective and how to select the appropriates objectives.

Course Plan and Assignment

On the first week of our lecture, we were introduce about the course plan of this subject. The lecturer explain us about how many week and the topic that we will learn about assessment. We also have  been explained about the objective of this subject. Other that, the lecturer also explain to us the assignment tittle and told us about how we going to do the assignment where we have two assignment that we need to submit to the course leader and also to our lecturer. In addition, we also have been told about the marking process.

About Me

Hi there...my name is Salizah Johnary and I am 24 years old. I was study in Unitar Kota Kinabalu Regional Center. My course that i'm taken in Unitar was Early Childhood Education. I have a big family with 11 people of my sibling. Becoming a teacher is one of my ambition especially in Early childhood because i'm the person that really like a kid. Furthermore I also have a dream to upon my own kindergarten at my village. My philosophy is "there is no words i'm different". The reason why i said that because, there is a children that said that there are different with the others. Some part maybe can be different but in learning, there is no different because everyone can learn and everyone also should get a learning season. To talk about learning, some of the children have a different way  to learn but the knowledge that will they get is same with another person. Therefore, I would like to help the children that have economic problem to always keep their dream to become a successful person although they have a problem that can disturb their dream or ambition.

"there is always a way to reach our dream"..